安培环路定理的拓扑学描述

近年来拓扑学在量子力学中得到了广泛的运用.本文将安培环路定理积分式重新表达为一矢量场在轮胎参数面上的第一类陈数积分.数值模拟展示了该积分值为一整数即第一陈数,其代表矢量场的整体性质:当经历连续变换时,矢量场的局部数值发生改变但整体积分值即陈数仍保持不变;若陈数发生改变,则表明矢量场变换的连续性条件发生破坏,矢量场出现奇点.进一步通过高斯映射将该矢量场从参数轮胎面映射到单位球面上,并给出了第一陈数的直观几何意义.理论和数值结果揭示了安培环路定理的拓扑学本质,表明拓扑概念在经典物理学中也会有广泛应用.     

Strong Squeezing of Duffing Oscillator in a Highly Dissipative Optomechanical Cavity System

In the conventional scheme of generating strong mechanical squeezing by the joint effect between mechanical parametric amplification and sideband cooling, the resolved sideband condition is required so as to overcome the quantum backaction heating. In the unresolved sideband regime, to suppress the quantum backaction, a χ⁽²⁾ nonlinear medium is introduced to the cavity. The result shows that the quantum backaction heating effect caused by unwanted counter-rotating term can be completely removed. Hence, the strong mechanical squeezing can be obtained even for the system far from the resolved-sideband regime.     

Properties of bounded stochastic processes employed in biophysics

Abstract

Realistic stochastic modeling is increasingly requiring the use of bounded noises. In this work, properties and relationships of commonly employed bounded stochastic processes are investigated within a solid mathematical ground. Four families are object of investigation: the Sine-Wiener (SW), the Doering–Cai–Lin (DCL), the Tsallis–Stariolo–Borland (TSB), and the Kessler–Sørensen (KS) families. We address mathematical questions on existence and uniqueness of the processes defined through Stochastic Differential Equations, which often conceal non-obvious behavior, and we explore the behavior of the solutions near the boundaries of the state space. The expression of the time-dependent probability density of the Sine-Wiener noise is provided in closed form, and a close connection with the Doering–Cai–Lin noise is shown. Further relationships among the different families are explored, pathwise and in distribution. Finally, we illustrate an analogy between the Kessler–Sørensen family and Bessel processes, which allows to relate the respective local times at the boundaries.     

基于相场描述的拉压不对称强度结构拓扑优化

运用了基于相场描述的拓扑优化方法，来寻找在拉伸和压缩中表现出不对称强度行为的连续体结构的最优布局。依据Drucker-Prager屈服准则和幂率插值方案，优化问题可以描述为在局部应力约束下的最小化结构的体积。用qp放松法来解决应力约束的奇异性，并采用基于P-norm函数的聚合方法对应力约束进行凝聚，该方法实现了约束个数的降低，同时引入了稳定转化法来处理大量的局部应力约束和高度非线性的应力行为，以修正应力，提高优化收敛的稳定性。在优化问题求解时，使用拉格朗日乘子法对目标函数和应力约束进行处理。利用伴随变量法进行灵敏度分析，并通过求解Allen-Cahn方程更新相场函数设计变量。数值算例证明了该优化模型和相应数值技术的有效性，相关算例还揭示了考虑拉压不同强度和考虑同拉压强度约束时得到的结构优化拓扑构型具有显著的差异。     

Rational Topological Design for Fluorescence Enhancement upon Aggregation of Distyrylfuran Derivatives

A series of 2,5‐distyrylfuran derivatives bearing pentafluorophenyl‐ and cyanovinyl units have been synthesized for aggregation‐induced emission (AIE). The effect of the type and extent of the supramolecular connections on the AIE of the furan derivatives were examined and correlated with their X‐ray crystal structures. It was found that the simultaneous presence of cyano and perfluorophenyl units strongly enhances the fluorescence upon aggregation. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis confirmed that C?H???F, F???F, C?H???nitrile, Ar???Ar_F (Ar=aryl, Ar_F=fluoroaryl), and nitrile???Ar_F intra‐ and intermolecular interactions drive the topology of the molecule and that solid‐state supramolecular contacts favor AIE of the furan derivatives.